{"id":4710,"date":"2024-08-24T20:12:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T17:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/?p=4710"},"modified":"2025-08-25T09:34:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T06:34:17","slug":"cayin-tarihi-ve-dunya-uzerindeki-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/cayin-tarihi-ve-dunya-uzerindeki-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ay\u0131n Tarihi ve D\u00fcnya \u00dczerindeki Etkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Statista’ya g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.7 milyar kilo \u00e7ay t\u00fcketti ve bu miktar\u0131n 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 7.4 milyar kiloya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bekleniyor. \u00c7ay b\u00fcy\u00fck bir end\u00fcstri ve bu durum onu sava\u015f, casusluk ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye bula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f ve Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k<\/h4>\n

\u00c7ay t\u00fcketimi, \u00c7in’de 3000 y\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce i\u00e7ildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlarla ba\u015flad\u0131 (2022’de Chinese Medicine dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re). 14. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde, \u00e7ay ipek ve porselenle birlikte \u00c7in’in ana ihracat\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f ve \u00c7in’i ekonomik bir s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da \u00e7ay yeti\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik bilinen ilk ciddi giri\u015fim Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6nemine rastl\u0131yor. 1892\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan \u201cCo\u011frafyay\u0131 S\u0131nai ve Ticari\u201d adl\u0131 kitapta, d\u00f6nemin Ticaret Naz\u0131r\u0131 Esbak\u2013\u0131 \u0130smail Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00c7in\u2019den getirilen \u00e7ay fidanlar\u0131 ve tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n Bursa\u2019da ekildi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor ancak ekolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131n uygun olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivleri\u2019nde daha sonra bulunan ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019da \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilk ar\u015fiv belgesi olarak kabul edilen belgede ise, tohumlar\u0131n Japonya\u2019dan getirtildi\u011fi yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Britanya’ya ise 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi taraf\u0131ndan getirilen \u00e7ay, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta zenginlere y\u00f6nelik pahal\u0131 bir l\u00fcks haline geldi. T\u00fcketim, imparatorlukla birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e Britanya, \u00c7inlilere pahal\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fle \u00f6deme yapmak yerine afyon kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ay ticareti yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, \u00c7in’de bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizi yaratt\u0131 ve 1839’da ilk Afyon Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 tetikledi. Britanya 1842’de kazand\u0131 ve \u00c7in, Hong Kong liman\u0131n\u0131 Britanyal\u0131lara teslim etti ve ticaret yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ironik olarak, Britanya’da \u00e7ay, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k endi\u015felerini de beraberinde getirdi \u2013 doktorlar, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketimin “sinir bozukluklar\u0131na”<\/em>, “uykusuzlu\u011fa”<\/em> ve di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi konusunda uyard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay i\u00e7en ilk T\u00fcrk kimdi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarih kitaplar\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin, Anadolu\u2019ya gelmeden \u00f6nce Orta Asya\u2019da \u00e7ayla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor. Kazan Tatar T\u00fcrklerinden dil islahat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, Abd\u00fcl\u2019l-Kayy\u00fbm N\u00e2s\u0131r\u00ee, \u201cFevakih\u00fc\u2019l\u2013C\u00fcles\u00e2\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde, 12. yy\u2019da Kazakistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk \u015fair Hoca Ahmet Yesevi<\/a>\u2019nin \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7en ilk T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131yor. N\u00e2s\u0131r\u00ee, Hoca Ahmet Yesevi\u2019nin misafir oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkmen kom\u015funun evinde i\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cak \u00e7ay\u0131n yorgunlu\u011funu giderdi\u011fini ve \u201cHastalar\u0131n\u0131za bundan i\u00e7irin ki \u015fifa bulsunlar\u201d diye dua etti\u011fini yaz\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ay, hangi b\u00f6lgede nas\u0131l i\u00e7iliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ay i\u00e7me tarzlar\u0131 ise y\u00f6relere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Erzurum ve do\u011fusundaki illerde \u00e7ay, a\u00e7\u0131k renkli ve ka\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z gelir ve \u201ck\u0131tlama\u201d<\/em> denen \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6ntemle i\u00e7ilir. K\u0131tlama, Kars ve Erzurum y\u00f6resinde \u00fcretilen b\u00fcy\u00fck ve sert \u015fekerlere verilen isim. \u00d6zel makaslarla, elle ya da \u0131s\u0131r\u0131larak kopar\u0131lan ufak par\u00e7alar, dil alt\u0131na konur ve \u00e7ay i\u00e7ildik\u00e7e, eriyen \u015feker de tat verir. E\u011fer misafirseniz, siz \u201cyeter\u201d<\/strong> demedik\u00e7e \u00e7ay s\u00fcrekli tazelenir. Te\u015fekk\u00fcr edip, ba\u015fka istemedi\u011finizi s\u00f6yleseniz bile mutlaka bir bardak daha ikram edilir. Bunun ad\u0131 c\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131m yani zor \u00e7ay\u0131d\u0131r. C\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131m \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7memek ise ev sahibine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hakaret anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019da genelde ka\u00e7ak \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7ilir. Rengi koyu, tad\u0131 daha ac\u0131d\u0131r. Bardaklar da di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhaneliler orta, Trabzonlular ise az \u015fekerli \u00e7ay\u0131 tercih eder. Tokat\u2019ta bardak ufak olsa da mutlaka dudak pay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hangi bi\u00e7imde i\u00e7erse i\u00e7sin T\u00fcrklerin ortak tutkusu ise cam bardakt\u0131r. Rengini g\u00f6rmek, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetmek ve ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n cama vurdu\u011funda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sesi duymak ister.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Statista’ya g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.7 milyar kilo \u00e7ay t\u00fcketti ve bu miktar\u0131n 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 7.4 milyar kiloya […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4711,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[95,87,98,88,97,93,90,92,94,91,96,89],"class_list":["post-4710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler","tag-bireysel-danismanlik","tag-cay","tag-egitim","tag-etiket","tag-gencler-icin-etiket","tag-iletisim-becerileri","tag-ingiliz-cayi","tag-kulturlerarasi-liderlik","tag-kurumsal-danismanlik","tag-sosyal-etiket","tag-yemek-yeme-sanati","tag-zarafet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4710"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5960,"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4710\/revisions\/5960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bersuss.co.uk\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}